The devil is the most common word from the Bible, the original meaning is defamatory, but also refers to Satan, is a confrontation with God to the soul body, but also the current rulers of the human world. Therefore, in Judaism and Christianity in the Holy word to refer to a single meaning. However, in other cultures, the devil's the meaning of change, but generally agreed that the word composition containing derogatory.
In secular culture, the devil has a relatively broad meaning, for example, think of the Bible, also known as the Devil evil spirits ordinary.
Origin
A long time, thinkers on the great interest in the origin of evil. James Hastings, ed's "Bible Dictionary" Say: "In the early stage of human civilization, people realize that they can not be controlled by some force around these forces bring harm and destruction." It also said that this dictionary : "Early human instinct to look for those with a source of strength, consider these forces from certain individuals, a lot of natural phenomena is caused by these individuals."
Historians believe that the evil spirit and beliefs can be traced back to Mesopotamia's early history. Ancient Babylonians believed that the underground world, that is, the so-called "land of no return", are from Nigeria A rule of God. A Nigerian is a cruel God to full-time person is known for burning. Babylonians also afraid of evil spirits, they incantations to appease the evil spirits. In the Egyptian mythology, the god of Dorset are evil, "was portrayed as the monster looks like, long slender nose, curved, broad flat ears, stiff forked tail."
Greek and Roman gods have good has evil, but not a manipulation of the god of all evil. The two places on earth philosophers have advocated the existence of two conflicting laws. Empedocles think "love" and "struggle" of these two forces of interaction; Plato believes that the spirit of the world, there are two, namely the origin of good and evil. in the "devil" in his book said: "Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome's pagan beliefs do not advocate the existence of the devil has."
Iran's Zoroastrian trust, high-dominated ahu (good God) has created a Aliman (evil spirit), the latter on its own evil, thereby becoming the god of destruction.
Judaism Satan put it bluntly are God's enemies, are brought about by him of an offense. But more than a century later, this idea tarnished by the pagan concept. "Jewish Encyclopedia" Say: "By the last several hundred years BC, the situation has dramatically changed. During this period, Judaism adopted the ... ... much from dualism (that is, the world by two opposing rules of good and evil control) the idea of that is in heaven and earth, on behalf of a false and ugly powerful forces are working with and on behalf of the true God and the forces of good match. It seems that by the Persians are the result of religious influence. "" Concise Jewish Encyclopedia, "claimed that:" compliance with the commandment life and the use of a talisman against evil spirits can cause harm. "
Development
Christian theology in the development of
Judaism in the idea of Satan and evil spirits do not come from the Bible, to adopt the view of three centuries of Christianity in magnitude, did not continue to promote the Bible in accordance with truth. "Comprehensive Dictionary of the Bible," said: "a more extreme view is that the ancient theology: God paid a ransom to Satan in order to salvation of his subjects." Iri this point of view are奈乌斯(2 century AD) put forward by the Austrian Lee Kim (3 century AD) for its development. Origen claimed that "the devil has the legal powers to dominate humanity," and that "the expense of the lives of Christ ... ... as a ransom paid to the devil."
As the "Catholic Encyclopedia" that "has a thousand years or so, [ransom paid to the devil's point of view] in the history of popular theology moment" and become part of the church beliefs. Other Fathers, including Augustine (4 ~ 5 century AD), have adopted the ransom paid to the devil's point of view. AD until the 12th century, Catholic theologians Anselm and Abelard only conclude that their lives by offering Christ a ransom to God are not to Satan's. The volume of working with and on behalf of the true God and resist the forces of good. It seems that by the Persians are the result of religious influence. "" Concise Jewish Encyclopedia, "claimed that:" compliance with the commandments and the use of a talisman against evil spirits can cause harm. "
In addition, according to Catholic tradition, God created the angels, but because of the pride of some angels, one-third of the angels have fallen, and God's enemies, the temptation in the world of humanity has become the people of the devil population. Leaders of the Fallen Angels which is called Satan. This is no canonical basis for the Bible.
Medieval superstition
It is worth noting that most of the previous meeting of the Catholic devil mention this topic. However, in the year 1215, the Fourth Lateran issued a document in which the terms of the first said: "the devil and other evil spirits created by God, when given the nature of goodness, but they choose to corrupt, variable for evil. "said the devil and evil spirits are sparing no effort to confuse mankind. In the Middle Ages, this point of view so that many people seriously affected. It seems extraordinary in any thing, for example, unexplained illness, sudden death, poor harvests, are accused of are caused by the devil. Year 1233, Pope Gregory IX issued a number of Road Instructions for infidel, which together are aimed at relief Furr Road (people think the devil known as Satan fallen ago Furr Road relief and Lucifer) believers, and these person was identified are of Satan worship.
Person because of trust will be the devil or evil spirit control, such ideas quickly caused widespread panic, there is the fear of magic and witchcraft reached hysterical proportions. From the 13-17 century, the fear of witches swept through Europe, the spread of the colonial European powers in North America. Even Protestant leader Martin Luther and John Calvin also endorsed witch hunt. In Europe, the Inquisition and secular courts based solely on gossip or malicious information, on the suspected witch trial in circumstances under uncommon.
Person found guilty will be sentenced to the stake, in England and Scotland will be hanged. About the number of victims, "World Book Encyclopedia," said: "Some historians think, from 1484-1782, the Christian will be around 300,000 women to death on charges of witchcraft." If we say that Satan are behind this tragedy of the Middle Ages, then who are appointed him a tool? Those who are victims, or the persecution of religious fanatics, they are obvious.
Modern society
By the 18th century, rational thought much as fashionable as it is known as the Enlightenment. "Encyclopaedia Britannica" Say: "In the Enlightenment, philosophers and theologians try to the image of the devil to erase from the awareness of the concept, consider the medieval myth of the devil but are making up things." Roman Catholic Church to make response In the first Vatican Council (1869-1870), the Commission recognized the Church believe that the existence of Satan the devil, in the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) reiterated this point, but more moderate tone.
As the "New Catholic Encyclopedia," said the church's official line is that: "the Church firmly believes that the existence of angels and evil spirits." However, the French Catholic Dictionary, "God" admit, "Today a lot of Christians do not believe that the devil is evil in the world of the culprit. " In recent years, Catholic theologians have taken a compromise, carefully in the official teachings of the Catholic Church and modern trends of thought between the impartial attitude. "Encyclopaedia Britannica" said: "The liberal Christian theology tend to the Bible's description of Satan, as a kind of evil 'depicting anthropomorphic', think Satan does not really exist, just making up the symbolic universe evil circumstances and extent of it. "On the Protestant view of Christ, this encyclopedia also said:" Modern liberal Protestant beliefs tend to deny the actual existence of the devil is a spiritual body. "However, Christians should not be the Bible of a description of Satan evil look for a "painted anthropomorphic."
By the 18th century, rational thought much as fashionable as it is known as the Enlightenment. "Encyclopaedia Britannica" Say: "In the Enlightenment, philosophers and theologians try to the image of the devil to erase from the awareness of the concept, consider the medieval myth of the devil but are making up things." Roman Catholic Church to make response In the first Vatican Council (1869-1870), the Commission recognized the Church believe that the existence of Satan the devil, in the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) reiterated this point, but more moderate tone.
As the "New Catholic Encyclopedia," said the church's official line is that: "the Church firmly believes that the existence of angels and evil spirits." However, the French Catholic Dictionary, "God" admit, "Today a lot of Christians do not believe that the devil is evil in the world of the culprit. " In recent years, Catholic theologians have taken a compromise, carefully in the official teachings of the Catholic Church and modern trends of thought between the impartial attitude. "Encyclopaedia Britannica" said: "The liberal Christian theology tend to the Bible's description of Satan, as a kind of evil 'depicting anthropomorphic', think Satan does not really exist, just making up the symbolic universe evil circumstances and extent of it. "On the Protestant view of Christ, this encyclopedia also said:" Modern liberal Protestant beliefs tend to deny the actual existence of the devil is a spiritual body. "However, Christians should not be the Bible of a description of Satan evil look for a "painted anthropomorphic."
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